Vocabulary and Word Derivations

Since Biology involves so many new terms, it is worth your while to figure out what they mean. The regularities in the use of the word roots (e.g., cyto- ) that are used in scientific terminology will help you to understand new terms as they come along (e.g., "cytoskeleton"). They can also help you remember their meanings as new vocabulary starts to accumulate. Below are some word derivations, along with some definitions of terms. In some cases I have not included the definitions if I thought you would profit more from looking them up yourselves...



Population ecology

population: a group of individuals in a particular area of a single species

community: a group of populations in a particular area

ecosystem: the entire biotic community plus the abiotic environment

dispersion

uniform

random

clumped

life history: the traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and death

principle of allocation: the idea that an organism has a limited amount of resources (especially energy) to draw from, and must make tradeoffs in allocating them to its different life functions

r strategist

K strategist

survivorship curves (types I, II & III)

population density (N): the size of a population

per capita birth rate (b): the proportion of the population giving birth over a time interval

per capita death rate (d): the proportion of the population dying over a time interval

per capita population growth rate (r): b-d

rmax: the maximum possible value for r, based only on life history characteristics, and without regard for environmental factors, such as crowding

exponential growth

J-shaped curve

density independent

logistic growth

S-shaped curve

density dependent

carrying capacity (K): the limit on N imposed by crowding and limited resources; the maximum sustainable population density

Community ecology

predation

parasitism

herbivory

mutualism

competition

coevolution

warning coloration

cryptic coloration

mimicry

Batesian mimicry

Mullerian mimicry

secondary compounds

interspecific competition

limiting resource

competitive exclusion principle

competitive exclusion

resource partitioning

character displacement

species diversity

species richness

species evenness

keystone predator

keystone species

primary succession

pioneer community

secondary succession

disturbance

Ecosystem ecology

trophic level

primary producer

primary consumer

secondary consumer

decomposer

detritus

food chain

food web

gross primary productivity

net primary productivity

ecological efficiency

pyramid of productivity

biomass pyramid

pyramid of numbers

biological magnification

limiting nutrient

nutrient cycle

pool

flux

phosphate

eutrophication

Biomes

biome: a major type of terrestrial plant community

climate

tundra

taiga

temperate rain forest

temperate deciduous forest

temperate grassland

chaparral

desert

savanna

tropical dry forest

tropical rain forest

oceanic province

nekton

plankton

benthos

neritic province

kelp forest

coral reef

intertidal zone

mangrove forest

salt marsh

swamp

marsh

estuary

Humans in the environment

biodiversity

exotic or introduced species

greenhouse effect

greenhouse gas

global warming


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