Respiration
gill
lung
tracheal tube
pharynx (Gk. pharynx, "throat")
trachea (L "windpipe" ):
bronchus [pl. bronchi] (from Gk, bronchos, "windpipe" ):
bronchiole (bronchi-, "windpipe" + -ole, diminutive suffix):
alveolus [pl. alveoli] (alve(us), "concave vessel" + -ole, diminutive suffix):
diaphragm
inspiration (inhalation)
expiration (exhalation)
vital capacity
tidal volume
residual volume
brainstem: the central, more "primitive" part of the brain that houses centers for basic physiological functions, such as control of breathing
carotid body
aortic body
hemoglobin (hemo-, "blood" + -glob-, "globe, sphere" + -in, suffix for a chemical :" a globular blood protein"):
partial pressure
Bohr effect: the decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 at low oxygen potential that accompanies a drop in blood pH
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination
oral cavity
saliva
salivary amylase
mucin
bolus (L. "clod of earth" ...i.e, "dirt bomb")
pharynx (Gk. pharynx, "throat")
glottis (Gk. glottis, "tongue")
epiglottis (epi-, "on, outside, covering" + -glottis)
esophagus (Gk. esophagus, "esophagus")
peristalsis (peri-, "about, around" + -stalsis, "contraction")
sphincter (from Gk. sphinkter, "band", related to Sphinx, a creature who would strangle those unable to answer its riddle)
thoracic (adj. form of thorax, from L. thorax, "chest")
abdominal (adj. form of abdomen, from L. abdomen, "belly")
diaphragm (dia-, "through, across" + -phragm, "fence")
cardiac (from Gk. kardia, "heart")
pyloric (from Gk. pyloros, "gatekeeper" [the pylorus is the latter part of the stomach; its exit])
enzyme / zymogen (en-, "in" + -zyme, "yeast" [enzymes in yeast were the first studied]) / (zymo-, relating to enzymes + -gen, "something that produces, origin of")
pepsin / pepsinogen (peps-, "digestion" + -in, suffix for a molecule)
chief cell
parietal cell
small intestine
duodenum (from L. intestinum duodenum digitorum, " intestine of twelve finger breadths" ...those crazy Romans)
jejunum (from L. jejunus, "empty"; so called because they were thought to be empty after death [???])
ileum (L. "guts")
villus [pl. villi] (L. shaggy hair)
microvillus
amylase (amyl-, "starch" + -ase, ending for enzymes)
protease (prote-, refers to proteins + -ase, ending for enzymes)
nuclease (nucle-, refers to nulceic acids + -ase, ending for enzymes)
lipase (lip-, refers to lipids, or fats + -ase, ending for enzymes)
trypsin (tryp-, "to rub" + -in, suffix for a molecule [so-called because it was first extracted from the pancreas by rubbing it with glycerin])
hepatic (from L. hepar, "liver") portal vein
bile (from L. bilus, "bile")
chyme (from Gk. chymos, "juice")
emulsify (e-, "out" + -muls- ,"milk" + -ify , verb ending for a process)
lacteal (from L. lacteus, "milky" [lacteals carry a fluid full of emulsified fats that has a milky appearance])
large intestine
appendix (append- "to append, to add on" + -ix, suffix for a noun)
cecum (from L. cæcum intestinum, "blind intestine")
colon ( Gk. kolon, "large intestine")
Hormones:
gastrin (gastr-, "stomach" + -in, suffix for a molecule)
secretin (secret- ,"to secrete" + -in, suffix for a molecule)
choleocystokinin (choleo-, "bile, gall" + -cysto- "bladder" + -kin-, "to move" + -in, suffix for a molecule)
gastric inhibitory peptide
osmoregulation
excretion
osmoloarity
osmoconformer
osmoregulator
nitrogenous waste
ammonia
uric acid
urea
kidney
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
nephron
Bowman's capsule
glomerulus
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
proximal tubule
loop of Henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
filtration
secretion
reabsorption
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
fragmentation
budding
parthenogenesis (partheno-, "virgin" + -genesis, "having origin in"): reproduction by means of unfertilized eggs
hermaphroditism (from Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, who became joined in one body with a female nymph): that ability to make both sperm and eggs
gamete (L. "husband, mate", from gam-, "marriage" [as in "bigamy"])
ovum [pl. ova] (L. "egg")
spermatozoan (spermato- "seed, germ" + -zoan, "animal")
gonad (from Gk. gonos, "procreation, seed")
gametogenesis: the production of gametes
oogenesis: the production of female gametes (ova)
ovary (ov- "egg" + -ary, "a place where something is kept")
spermatogenesis
testis [pl. testes] (L. witness): the male gonad
seminiferous tubules (semin-, "seed" + -iferous, "to bear")
Sertoli cells
epididymis (epi-, "on, attached to" + -didymus, "testicle, twin")
acrosome (acro-, "tip, extremity" + -some, "body")
vas deferens [pl. vasa deferentia] (vas, "vessel" + deferens, "serving to carry out of")
ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle
prostate gland (pro- "for" + -state, "the state of standing" [not to be confused with prostrate: "lying flat; weak, helpless, exhausted"])
urethra
semen
prostaglandin (from prostate gland, formerly thought to be the source of prostaglandins)
capacitation
zona pellucida (L., "translucent zone")
follicular cells
zygote (Gk. zygotos, "yoked, joined")
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